tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66180345812273302632024-03-29T08:59:35.201+05:30TelecomStudy18 Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger368125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-5813647946910328412021-05-18T18:48:00.008+05:302021-05-18T18:48:47.684+05:30EC-GSM - Extended coverage GSM IoT <p><br /></p><p>•Standard-based Low Power Wide Area technology (long-range, low energy )</p><p>•Based on eGPRS</p><p>•Designed as a high capacity, low complexity cellular system for IoT communications</p><p>R13 feature: EC-GSMNew single-burst coding schemesBlind Physical Layer Repetitions where bursts are repeated up to 28 times without feedback from remote end New logical channel types (EC-BCCH, EC-PCH, EC-AGC, EC-RACH, ...)New RLC/MAC layer messages for the EC-PDCH communication introduction of eDRX (extended DRX) to allow for PCH listening intervals from minutes up to an hour.</p><p><br /></p><p> Access <span> </span><span> </span><span> <span> </span></span>- <span> </span><span> </span>EC-GSM</p><p>FrequencyBand<span> </span> - <span> </span><span> </span>NarrowBand</p><p>Range <span> </span><span> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span> </span>-<span> </span><span> </span> ~ 15Km</p><p>Throughput <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>-<span> </span><span> </span> ~ 10Kbps</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-33757414738387812402019-10-09T00:01:00.003+05:302019-10-09T00:01:34.600+05:30MOM of gNodeB<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">GnodeBFunction</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">. (</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">This </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">MO</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> is the top level </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">MO</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> for </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">GNodeB</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> Functions.)</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">GnodeBRpFunction</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> (Radio Processing)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://cpistore.internal.ericsson.com/elex?ID=13358&fn=1750_15554-LZA7016014_6-V1Uen.M.html">QciProfileEndcConfig</a></span><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Route</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">from</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">QCI</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">s</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">to</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">parameters</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">that</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">impacts</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">QoS</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">for</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> Data Radio </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">Bearers</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></span></div>
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</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Radio Bearer</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> is just a virtual concept. It defines how the UE
data/signaling are treated when it travels across the network.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Ej</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">. In LTE there are two types of radio Bearer To carry
signaling. There are called the SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To carry user data. There are associated with
an EPS Bearer</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">RadioBearertable</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">: </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Container </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">for</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> radio </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">bearer</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">configurations</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">User</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">plane</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> link </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">for</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">the</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> radio </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">processing</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> interface.<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">System</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">created</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">when</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> a radio </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">processing</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">user</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">plane</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> link </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">is</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">established</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">.<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">System</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">deleted</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">when</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> a radio </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">processing</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">user</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">plane</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> link </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">is</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">released</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">.<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">RDN</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">of</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">this</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">MO</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">is</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">RpUserPlaneLink</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">=[Local </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Ip</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Address</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">]_[</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Remote</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Ip</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Address</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">]. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://cpistore.internal.ericsson.com/elex?ID=22447&fn=1722_15554-LZA7016014_6-V1Uen.M.html">RpUserPlaneTermination</a></span><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Local termination point of the radio
processing user plane interface.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://cpistore.internal.ericsson.com/elex?ID=22447&fn=1754_15554-LZA7016014_6-V1Uen.M.html">TddRadioChannel</a></span><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Represents frequency and bandwidth over a
time division duplex radio channel.</span><span style="color: #e7e6e6; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;">PpFunction</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"> (Packet Processing)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Traffic
processing interface.</span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com24tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-26040956974309810932019-10-09T00:00:00.002+05:302019-10-09T00:00:43.602+05:30NSA-ENDC Interfaces<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl4a7dmW9WlF1P2VPbJIL9FpoLiC8mMYfnGnSO3W-jbEin48uLSpqH2Yqdw8f0f1qPEFaKrjSv9lZhXNv9drp9AVX5DqhkISdM9XIWUoRfqjnYbdrtu9V3t1xd415RfH2c0nT0wEh9go4/s1600/nsa.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="275" data-original-width="618" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl4a7dmW9WlF1P2VPbJIL9FpoLiC8mMYfnGnSO3W-jbEin48uLSpqH2Yqdw8f0f1qPEFaKrjSv9lZhXNv9drp9AVX5DqhkISdM9XIWUoRfqjnYbdrtu9V3t1xd415RfH2c0nT0wEh9go4/s320/nsa.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">It ‘s possible to transmit the user plane between both
nodes to the EPC but control plane is only possible on the ENDC side.</span></div>
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<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) . </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">S1</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> user plane is tunneled between
the </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">LTE</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> node and </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">SGW</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> using </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">GTP-U</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">UDP (User Datagram
Protocol)</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">S1AP (S1
Application Protocol)</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">SCTP (Stream
Control Transmission Protocol)</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">
</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">
</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">
</span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">
</span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-18978888089091743182019-10-08T23:58:00.000+05:302019-10-08T23:58:12.083+05:305G Architecture <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In option 3 there are 3 deployment scenarios for NSA NR
they consist of at least two nodes, one for LTE and one for NR.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">LTE-NR Dual
Connectivity feature </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">-The </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">LTE-NR Dual Connectivity feature </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">introduces the support for </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">EN-DC</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> in the </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">NR</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> Node used in an </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">NSA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> deployment. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">-The feature covers
the fundamental interaction between </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">LTE</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> and NR in the </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">EN-DC</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> context.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">-The feature makes
it possible to configure </span><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">split </span></u><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">DRBs</span></u><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> with one leg in </span></u><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">LTE</span></u><u style="text-underline: single;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> and one leg in NR</span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The benefits of
this setup are the following:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Higher peak rate of network data traffic.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Sustainable capacity and performance growth.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-CONTROL PLANE</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Master Cell Group (MCG) SRB (SRB1, SRB2):</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> SRB (Signal Radio Bearer)</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Direct SRB between the master node and the
mobile device that can be used for conveying master node RRC messages which can
also embed secondary node RRC configurations.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Split SRB (SRB1+SRB1S, SRB2+SRB2S):</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>SRB that is split between the master node and
the secondary node (at a higher layer, PDCP) towards the mobile device,
allowing a master node RRC message to be sent via the lower layers (RLC, MAC
and PHY) of either the <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>master node or
secondary node; or to be sent via the lower layers of both the master and
secondary nodes. Here, the master node RRC message can also embed secondary
node RRC configurations.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Secondary Cell Group (SCG) SRB (SRB3):</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Direct SRB between the secondary node and the
mobile device by which secondary node RRC messages are sent.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-USER PLANE</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>MCG DRBs:</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> DRB (Data Radio
Bearer)</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Bearers terminated
at the master node and using only the master node lower layers.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>MCG split DRBs: </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Bearers terminated
at the master node but that can use the lower layers of either the master node
or secondary node; or can use the lower<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>layers of both the master and secondary nodes.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>SCG DRBs: </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Bearers terminated
at the SN and using only the secondary node lower layers.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An additional data
radio bearer has been introduced in EN-DC:</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>SCG split DRBs:</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bearers terminated at the secondary node but
that can use the lower layers of either the master node or secondary node, or
can use the lower <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>layers of both the
master and secondary nodes.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Adopting current
LTE DC procedures for the introduction of the SCG split DRB entails that every
bearer type change will require a re-establishment in the PDCP layer, as well
as in some cases signaling towards the core network to switch the path from the
core network to the radio access network. To minimize the impact of such bearer
type changes, and minimize implementation and testing efforts on mobile
devices, 3GPP has agreed to harmonize the bearer definitions. With the
harmonized bearer concept, there will be only two kinds of bearers from the
mobile device perspective:</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Direct DRBs:</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>DRBs with only one lower layer configuration,
either corresponding to LTE or NR lower layers. If the LTE lower layers are
configured, either the <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>NR or the LTE
version of the higher layer can be used by the bearer. If the NR lower layers
are configured, the NR version of the higher layer will <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>be used.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Split DRBs:</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>DRBs with two lower layer configurations,
corresponding to LTE and NR lower layers. It will always use the NR version of
the higher layer. In case <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>of split DRBs,
packet duplication, when it is finalized as a new functionality in Release 15,
could be used for additional reliability.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">Limitations.</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">It is not
recommended for </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">EN-DC</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">UEs</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> to use </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">VoLTE</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> due to the lack of support for
important </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">VoLTE</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> related
features. </span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">The </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">VoLTE</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> performance is expected to be poor
due to the following:</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>TTI (Transmission Time Interval)</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> Bundling cannot be used.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Handover support is limited.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>RRC</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> re-establishment
for </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">EN-DC</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">UEs</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"> is not supported.</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-60498070759207839202019-10-07T23:30:00.003+05:302019-10-07T23:30:58.962+05:30LTE Channel <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.05pt; margin-right: 26.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) carries
the periodic downlink broadcast of the RRC <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">MasterInformationBlock
</i>message. Note that system information from BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)
is scheduled for transmission in the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.05pt; margin-right: 27.35pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
carries no higher layer information and is used for scheduling uplink and
downlink resources. Scheduling decisions, however, are the responsibility of
the MAC layer, therefore the scheduling information carried in the PDCCH is
provided by MAC. Similarly the PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) is used
to carry resource requests from UEs that will need to be processed by MAC.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.05pt; margin-right: 26.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .2pt;">The </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .25pt;">PHICH </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .3pt;">(Physical </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .25pt;">Hybrid </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .2pt;">ARQ </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .3pt;">Indicator
Channel) </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .15pt;">is </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .25pt;">used </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .2pt;">for </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .3pt;">downlink
ACK/NACK </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .15pt;">of </span><span style="color: #231f20; letter-spacing: .35pt;">uplink </span><span style="color: #231f20;">transmissions from UEs in the PUSCH (Physical Uplink
Shared Channel). It is a shared channel and uses a form of code multiplexing to
provide multiple ACK/NACK<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>responses.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.05pt; margin-right: 27.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator
Channel) is used to indicate how much resource in a subframe is reserved for
the downlink control channels. It may be either one, two or three of the first
symbols in the first slot in the subframe.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.05pt; margin-right: 27.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) is
used for the uplink transmission of preambles as part of the random access
procedure.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.05pt; margin-right: 27.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The PDSCH and the PUSCH are the main
scheduled resource on the cell. They are used for the transport of all
higher-layer information including RRC signalling, service-related signalling
and user traffic. The only exception is the system information in PBCH.</span></span></div>
<br /><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL8BOuY_-OqqsAcPDonZkkTmQCSvzhkAKais-qpK0mfUlLNx2pTsxe7LoTXXLOSHke84mHI138uhpGTDf1yPnSfSICy3Lrrda6V-5RLAHE_e2qvAWiD7lDqGgyOHlsclX7dUrqbGXXeq0/s1600/lte+channel.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="673" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL8BOuY_-OqqsAcPDonZkkTmQCSvzhkAKais-qpK0mfUlLNx2pTsxe7LoTXXLOSHke84mHI138uhpGTDf1yPnSfSICy3Lrrda6V-5RLAHE_e2qvAWiD7lDqGgyOHlsclX7dUrqbGXXeq0/s320/lte+channel.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-91444662784607900392019-10-05T23:22:00.001+05:302019-10-05T23:23:41.849+05:30X2 Interface in LTE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With the removal of the RNC from the access network architecture, inter-eNB handover is negotiated and managed directly between eNBs using the X2-C interface. In LTE implementations that need to support macro diversity, the X2-U interface will carry handover traffic PDUs (Protocol Data Units) between eNBs. X2-C (control plane) signalling is carried by the X2AP (X2 Application Protocol), which travels over an SCTP association established between neighboring eNBs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">X2AP performs duties similar to those performed by RNSAP (Radio Network Subsystem Application Protocol), which operates between neighboring RNCs over the Iur interface in UMTS R99 networks. X2-U (user plane) traffic is carried by the existing GTP-U (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol – User plane), as employed in UMTS R99 networks. The facilities provided by the X2-U interface are only expected to be required if macro-diversity handover is supported. Both sub-types of the X2 interface travel over IP: SCTP/IP for the X2-C and UDP/IP for the X2-U.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">X2 Interface Architecture : -</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The X2 interface is designed to provide a logical signalling and traffic path between neighbouring eNBs. The term ‘neighbouring’ in this sense refers to eNBs that generate adjacent cells between which UEs would be expected to request handovers. The X2 interface is the functional successor to the UMTS Iur interface, which interconnects neighbouring RNCs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An eNB is only expected to support X2 interfaces to neighbouring sites with which there is a realistic possibility of handover events occurring; an individual eNB would not be required to support X2 interfaces to all eNBs in the network. Indeed, the X2 is an optional interface and all of its functions can be performed indirectly via the S1 and the MME/S-GW if direct connections are not supported.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-62080760079448862492016-06-10T19:54:00.000+05:302016-06-10T19:54:18.834+05:30Sparse Code Multiple Access - SCMA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10pt;">Sparse
code multiple access (SCMA) is another waveform configuration of the flexible new
air interface. This non-orthogonal waveform facilitates a new multiple access
scheme in which sparse codewords of multiple layers of devices are overlaid in
code and power domains and carried over shared time-frequency resources.
Typically, the multiplexing of multiple devices may become overloaded if the
number of overlaid layers is more than the length of the multiplexed codewords.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10pt;">However,
with SCMA, overloading is tolerable with moderate complexity of detection
thanks to the reduced size of the SCMA multi-dimensional constellation and the
sparseness of SCMA codewords. In SCMA, coded bits are directly mapped to
multi-dimensional sparse codewords selected from layer-specific SCMA codebooks.
The complexity of detection is controlled through two major factors. One is the
sparseness level of codewords, and the second is the use of multidimensional constellations
with a low number of projection points per dimension [3]. An example of device
multiplexing with a low projection codebook and the resulting constellation
mapping is shown Figure <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A device’s encoded bits are first mapped to a
codeword from a codebook. In the example, a codeword of length 4 is used. The
low projection codebook has a reduced constellation (from 4 points to 3
points). Furthermore, each point (e.g. “00”) has non-zero component only in one
tone. A codebook with one non-zero component is a zero-PAPR codebook.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4-wl5_fo9EIq6FOoQK3iGjF2kV7pFHjpbDo3zW46xWm8hs5kpgVQg0KKkf5pi2AHBOg8CdAQHtP6qSAdZDfdCT7ahKXAtsOHIOEm6WbEuVUjda-MklGeRG0zd8BZAM4v90_dddTbnpgWm/s1600/SCMA.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4-wl5_fo9EIq6FOoQK3iGjF2kV7pFHjpbDo3zW46xWm8hs5kpgVQg0KKkf5pi2AHBOg8CdAQHtP6qSAdZDfdCT7ahKXAtsOHIOEm6WbEuVUjda-MklGeRG0zd8BZAM4v90_dddTbnpgWm/s320/SCMA.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10pt;"> SCMA
multiplexing and low projection codebook constellation</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10pt;">Furthermore,
a blind multi-device reception technique can be applied to detect device activities
and the information carried by them simultaneously. With such blind detection capability,
grant-free multiple access can be supported. Grant-free multiple access is a mechanism
that eliminates the dynamic request and grant signaling overhead. It is an
attractive solution for small packets transmission. SCMA is an enabler for
grant-free multiple access. Due to these benefits,SCMA can support massive connectivity,
reduce transmission latency and provide energy saving.</span></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-88522764895315712742016-06-09T19:43:00.002+05:302016-06-09T19:43:52.426+05:305G Spectrum<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">The growing traffic demand
necessitates increasing the amount of spectrum that may be utilised by the</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">5G systems. High frequency
bands in the centimeter wave (cmWave) and millimeter wave (mmWave)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">range will be adopted due to
their potential for supporting wider channel bandwidths and the consequent</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">capability to deliver high
data rates. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">The new spectrum below 6GHz
is expected to be allocated for mobile communication at the World Radio</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">Conference (WRC) 2015, and
the band above 6GHz expected to be allocated at WRC 2019, as shown in</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">Figure.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4ffcOg0Y1iSozgCziuvsPwq9Eg1ZYqnHRgr6QZPVws6g6ZUNjfzilhUpYc1tud4G2OrM7NQng4D4PR7U44J92u_fYmzvKijHYGP9mWTsQBmDOWUJycf6OZP_qF-LNCpbk6kTwePxdqPSO/s1600/5G+Spectrum.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="87" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4ffcOg0Y1iSozgCziuvsPwq9Eg1ZYqnHRgr6QZPVws6g6ZUNjfzilhUpYc1tud4G2OrM7NQng4D4PR7U44J92u_fYmzvKijHYGP9mWTsQBmDOWUJycf6OZP_qF-LNCpbk6kTwePxdqPSO/s320/5G+Spectrum.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">5G network is a
heterogeneous network which enables the cooperation between lower-frequency
wide-area coverage network and high-frequency network. The consensus is higher
frequency bands are the complementary bands to 5G whereas low frequency bands
(<6GHz) are still the primary bands of 5G spectrum.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">High frequency also enables
unified access and backhaul since the same radio resources is shared. It is
expected to use a unified air interface and a hierarchical scheduling for both
radio access and backhaul which enables flexible backhauling and low-cost ultra
dense networking (UDN).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #4c4949; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">Future radio access may also
employ bands with different levels of access regulation including exclusive
licensed, non-exclusive licensed and unlicensed bands. The 5G system treats
both the licensed and unlicensed spectrum in a flexible, unified air interface framework.</span></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-27802378706155419252016-06-08T22:39:00.001+05:302016-06-08T22:39:13.328+05:30Wavelength in GSM <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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There are many different types of electromagnetic waves.
These electromagnetic waves can be described by a sinusoidal function, which is
characterized by wavelength. Wavelength (l) is the
length of one complete oscillation and is measured in meters (m). Frequency and
wavelength are related via the speed of propagation, which for radio waves is
the speed of light (3 x10^8 m/s or meters per second).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The wavelength of a frequency can be determined by using the
following formula:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Wavelength = Speed / Frequency<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Thus, for GSM 900 the wavelength is:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Wavelength = 3×10^8 m/s / 900
MHz <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Wavelength = 300,000,000 m/s
/ 900,000,000<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Wavelength = 0.33 m (or 33 cm)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
From this formula it can be determined that the higher the frequency,
the shorter the wavelength. Lower frequencies, with longer wavelengths, are
better suited to transmission over large distances, because they bounce on the
surface of the earth and in the atmosphere. Television and FM radio are
examples of applications, which use lower frequencies.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Higher frequencies, with shorter wavelengths, are better
suited to transmission over small distances, because they are sensitive to such
problems as obstacles in the line of the transmission path. Higher frequencies
are suited to small areas of coverage, where the receiver is relatively close
to the transmitter.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The frequencies used by mobile systems compromise between
the coverage advantages offered by lower frequencies and the closeness-to-the-receiver
advantages offered by use of higher frequencies.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-47484242920626846902016-03-23T11:18:00.002+05:302016-03-23T11:18:45.048+05:30Nokia BSC with MML commands:<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt; width: 317pt;" width="423"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZAHP
PRINT ALARM HISTORY</span></td>
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<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZAHO PRINT ALARMS CURRENTLY ON</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZIGO DISPLAY MML COMMAND LOG</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZWQO SHOW SOFTWARE PACKAGE
INFORMATION</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZW7I INTERROGATE LICENCE OR
FEATURE INFORMATION</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZEFR RESET SITE/BCF</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZEQS LOCK UNLOCK BTS</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZERS LOCK UNLOCK TRX</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZEQM MODIFY BTS PARAMETERS</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZEAO OUTPUT GSM ADJACENT</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZEUO OUTPUT POWER CONTROL
PARAMETERS</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="22" style="height: 16.5pt;">
<td class="xl67" height="22" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(62, 62, 62); height: 16.5pt;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Segoe UI;">ZEHO OUTPUT HANDOVER
PARAMETERS</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></colgroup></table>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-19932948883457427002015-09-27T00:03:00.001+05:302021-05-18T21:19:26.233+05:30LTE fundamentals<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The fundamentals of the LTE
Radio interface and get an overview of the evolution of 4G telecommunication.
This 19 minutes video is presented by Ericsson expert Sven-Anders Sturesson.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The tutorial gives an overview of
the fundamental technology of Long Term Evolution (LTE). You will learn the
basics of the LTE radio interface, including multiple input, multiple outputs
(MIMO), OFDM, uplink and downlink, SIMO, TDD, FDD, channel coding and GSA. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/ericsson-academy/online-tutorials/lte_fundamentals_module/player.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/ericsson-academy/online-tutorials/lte_fundamentals_module/player.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Source:
Ericsson </span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com36tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-39309701557372790312015-09-26T12:22:00.001+05:302015-09-26T12:22:19.929+05:30What is Citrix ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix facilitates real-time access to shared
applications over networks and the Internet. Remote access to Citrix-enabled
applications can be over DSL, T1, ISDN, or dial-up. Citrix MetaFrame enables
multiple users to run shared applications simultaneously. Communication between
Citrix clients and servers consists of exchange of user inputs (keyboard/mouse)
and screen shots. Citrix MetaFrame runs on Windows NT 4.0 (Terminal Server
Edition) and Windows 2000, with Terminal Services installed.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix products include:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
Access Essentials<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
Access Gateway<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
Access Suite<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
Application Gateway<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
GoToAssist<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
GoToMeeting<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
GoToMyPC<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
NetScaler<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
Password Manager<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Citrix
Presentation Server<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">For technical support and questions regarding Citrix
MetaFrame, go to </span><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">http://support.citrix.com</span></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-9705218943370251512015-09-20T03:16:00.001+05:302015-09-20T03:16:22.649+05:30Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, MBMS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP4B2E3F;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Multimedia Broadcast
Multicast Service, MBMS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A new service introduced in 3GPP Release 6 specifications is
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS). There are two high level modes
of operation in MBMS, as given<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Broadcast
mode, which allows sending audio and video. The already existing Cell Broadcast
Service (CBS) is intended for messaging only. The broadcast mode is expected to
be a service without charging and there are no specific activation requirements
for this mode.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Multicast mode allows sending multimedia data
for the end users that are part of a multicast subscription group. End users
need to monitor service announcements regarding service availability, and then
they can join the currently active service. From the network point of view, the
same content can be provided in a point-to-point fashion if there are not
enough users to justify the high power transmission. A typical example in 3GPP
has been the sport results service where, for example, ice hockey results would
be available as well as video clips of the key events in different games of the
day. Charging is expected to be applied for the multicast mode. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">From the radio point of view, MBMS is considered an application
independent way to deliver the MBMS User Services, which are intended to
deliver to multiple users simultaneously. The MBMS User Services can be
classified into three groups as follows<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1. Streaming services, where a basic example is audio and video
stream;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2. File downloads services;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. Carousel service, which can be considered as a combination of
streaming and file download. In this kind of service, an end user may have an
application which is provided data repetitively and updates are then broadcast
when there are changes in the content.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">For MBMS User Services, an operator controls the distribution of
the data. Unlike CBS, the end user needs first to join the service and only
users that have joined the service can see the content. The charging can then
be based on the subscription or based on the keys which enable an end user to
access the data. The MBMS content can be created by the operator itself or by a
third party and, as such, all the details of what an MBMS service should look like
will not be specified by 3GPP, but left for operators and service providers.
One possible MBMS high level architecture is shown in Figure, where the IP
multicast network refers here to any server providing MBMS content over the
Internet.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaML6Xq-zSvYGrZs6YTBsXoMgzawKgFWYMy6S0weQ53E2SNunmepxyUhcfoMY8UguA6I8iT2MCIdv3a5Lu3PDP6t9yOjNpCO3e17ui4HDzz93hdg5kqgRZ69obuPHZTfkt8_-SmtoN4qc/s1600/mbms.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaML6Xq-zSvYGrZs6YTBsXoMgzawKgFWYMy6S0weQ53E2SNunmepxyUhcfoMY8UguA6I8iT2MCIdv3a5Lu3PDP6t9yOjNpCO3e17ui4HDzz93hdg5kqgRZ69obuPHZTfkt8_-SmtoN4qc/s320/mbms.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-58417496170381349322015-09-20T02:59:00.003+05:302021-12-03T03:55:41.908+05:30Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Push-to-talk over cellular (PoC) service is instant in the sense
that the voice connection is established by simply pushing a single button and
the receiving user hears the speech without even having to answer the call.
While ordinary voice is bi-directional, the PoC service is a one directional
service. The basic PoC application may hence be described as a walkie-talkie
application over the packet switched domain of the cellular network. In addition
to the basic voice communication functionality, the PoC application provides
the end user with complementary features like, for example:<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ad
hoc and predefined communication groups;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Access
control so that a user may define who is allowed to make calls to him/her;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">‘Do-not-disturb’
in case immediate reception of audio is not desirable.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">With ordinary voice calls a bi-directional communication channel is
reserved between the end users throughout the duration of the call. In PoC, the
channel is only set up to transfer a short speech burst from one to possibly
multiple users. Once this speech burst has been transferred, the packet
switched communication channel can be released. This difference is highlighted
in Figure.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfd5FZQbfHBcXP-d94IOf6YmUrbkRPpUOUm9XMeVbhjze1L6vstWIMpkW_mIyxGpqSs2x6qancZrmvOM1bYZr8RWZliWPnxn46NvQV5CxucwdJCt-GQJk9l0TetvNt0icEhSoCvhwGgBY/s1600/poc.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="79" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfd5FZQbfHBcXP-d94IOf6YmUrbkRPpUOUm9XMeVbhjze1L6vstWIMpkW_mIyxGpqSs2x6qancZrmvOM1bYZr8RWZliWPnxn46NvQV5CxucwdJCt-GQJk9l0TetvNt0icEhSoCvhwGgBY/s320/poc.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
</o:p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
</div>
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The speech packets are in the PoC solution carried from the sending mobile station to the server by the OPRS/UMTS network. The server then forwards the packets to the receiving mobile stations. In the case of a one-to-many connection, the server multiplies the packets to all the receiving mobile stations. This is illustrated in Figure <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The PoC service is independent of the underlying radio access network.</span></span></span></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaOc1F4n0h9TpgipjoHbOgtWZJ-Ns7JqzNx0Lttk8iC5ajzc0si7UhKDGhv-hRfRo7UXpKZFIuhrsFdCp7tPs05hqAh6F_c_J7PdXir-hVUk65d4HTKbGPDU3uxa_bCGMQKumCv6T7uz0/s1600/poc2.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaOc1F4n0h9TpgipjoHbOgtWZJ-Ns7JqzNx0Lttk8iC5ajzc0si7UhKDGhv-hRfRo7UXpKZFIuhrsFdCp7tPs05hqAh6F_c_J7PdXir-hVUk65d4HTKbGPDU3uxa_bCGMQKumCv6T7uz0/s320/poc2.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span> </div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p><br />
</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></o:p></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="https://www.countryzipcode.com/hong_kong" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">SNG</a><br /></span></o:p></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><o:p><br /></o:p></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><o:p><a href="https://www.countryzipcode.com/hong_kong" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">HNG</a><br /></o:p></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-27921850961045643272015-09-20T02:34:00.001+05:302015-09-20T02:45:03.565+05:30Differences between WCDMA and Second Generation Air Interfaces<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Main differences between the third and second generation air
interfaces are described. GSM and IS-95 (the standard for cdmaOne systems) are
the second generation air interfaces considered here. Other second generation
air interfaces are PDC in Japan and US-TDMA mainly in the Americas; these are
based on TDMA (time division multiple access) and have more similarities with
GSM than with IS-95. The second generation systems were built mainly to provide
speech services in macro cells. To understand the background to the differences
between second and third generation systems, we need to look at the new
requirements of the third generation systems which are listed below:<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></span><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bit
rates up to 2 Mbps;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Variable
bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Multiplexing
of services with different quality requirements on a single connection, e.g. speech,
video and packet data;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Delay
requirements from delay-sensitive real time traffic to flexible best-effort
packet data;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;">Quality
requirements from 10 % frame error rate to 10</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP4C4E74;">_</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;">6 bit error
rate;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Co-existence
of second and third generation systems and inter-system handovers for coverage
enhancements and load balancing;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Support
of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic, e.g. web browsing causes more loading
to downlink than to uplink;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">High
spectrum efficiency;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Co-existence
of FDD and TDD modes.</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: AdvP41153C;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">GSM also covers services and core network aspects, and this GSM
platform will be used together with the WCDMA air interface: see the next
section regarding core networks.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-10798293369196281242015-09-14T00:01:00.000+05:302015-09-14T00:02:40.456+05:30What is Bluetooth ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKEFw5ip_ZJhyphenhyphenyde4RGcAqD60vKztC_W2UHI3mlAFJXOaPw-fbdJzD8bLx_YanmOza6-CMKIDTmRQA0oLNGyzanWNniy5Wg0YpNrAXCKJUiQqFG_3fcvJJWRuMlLxO_qo-mCtYJIBMPEU/s1600/125423.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKEFw5ip_ZJhyphenhyphenyde4RGcAqD60vKztC_W2UHI3mlAFJXOaPw-fbdJzD8bLx_YanmOza6-CMKIDTmRQA0oLNGyzanWNniy5Wg0YpNrAXCKJUiQqFG_3fcvJJWRuMlLxO_qo-mCtYJIBMPEU/s200/125423.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Bluetooth
is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over
short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band
from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area
networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecoms vendor
Ericsson in 1994,[1] it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to
RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of
synchronization.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
To
understand any kind of communication technology, you should be able to answer
to several basic questions about it. In other words, if you can answer the
following questions, I would say you already have some general understanding on
it.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">Is it wired communication?
or Wireless communication ?<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">If it is
wireless communication, what kind of wave length (frequency) range it uses
?<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">What is the
typical range of communication? (How far it can go) ?<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">What is the
typical data rate you can transmit and receive ?<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">What is the
typical connection topology ? (Is it one-to-one connection ? or
one-to-many connection ? etc)<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Can
you find the answers to these questions from the wikipedia definition that I
quoted above?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Let's
tackle each of the questions one by one.<o:p></o:p></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt;">Is it wired communication?
or Wireless communication ? ==> It is 'wireless Communication'.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt;">If it is
wireless communication, what kind of wave length (frequency) range it uses?
==> It is 2400~2800 Mhz frequency Range called ISM (Industrial Science
Medical) band.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt;">What is the
typical range of communication ? (How far it can go) ? ==> It is
usually a couple meter range (The wikipedia definition does not explictely
say about the range though)<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt;">What is the
typical data rate you can transmit and receive ? ==> At the beginning,
it started with the max data rate of 1 Mbp and now mostly 2,3 Mbps (EDR).
Recent specification defines the technology for even higher data rate.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12pt;">What is the
typical connection topology ? (Is it one-to-one connection ? or
one-to-many connection ? etc) ==> It support both one-to-one and
one-to-many connection.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Typical
Bluetooth Application<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Headset<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Hands-free Automotive<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Dial-up
Networking<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Ad-hoc
File Transfer<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>PC-Peripherals,<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Printing<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Stereo
Audio <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Image <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Home
Automation</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="line-height: 12pt;">Music
Player Synch</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Video
Transfer<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Smart
Remotes<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-68607140090542325652015-09-04T00:39:00.001+05:302015-09-04T22:04:09.575+05:30Convert Latitude/Longitude to Decimal<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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d = document;
// set up the form objects
ddLat = d.getElementById("dd_lat");
ddLong = d.getElementById("dd_long");
dmsLatDeg = d.getElementById("dms_lat_deg");
dmsLatMin = d.getElementById("dms_lat_min");
dmsLatSec = d.getElementById("dms_lat_sec");
dmsLatHem = d.getElementById("dms_lat_hem");
dmsLongDeg = d.getElementById("dms_long_deg");
dmsLongMin = d.getElementById("dms_long_min");
dmsLongSec = d.getElementById("dms_long_sec");
dmsLongHem = d.getElementById("dms_long_hem");
}
function dd2dms() {
// got dashes?
if (ddLat.value.substr(0,1) == "-") {
dmsLatHem.options.selectedIndex = 1;
ddLatVal = ddLat.value.substr(1,ddLat.value.length-1);
} else {
dmsLatHem.options.selectedIndex = 0;
ddLatVal = ddLat.value;
}
if (ddLong.value.substr(0,1) == "-") {
dmsLongHem.options.selectedIndex = 1;
ddLongVal = ddLong.value.substr(1,ddLong.value.length-1);
} else {
dmsLongHem.options.selectedIndex = 0;
ddLongVal = ddLong.value;
}
// degrees = degrees
ddLatVals = ddLatVal.split(".");
dmsLatDeg.value = ddLatVals[0];
ddLongVals = ddLongVal.split(".");
dmsLongDeg.value = ddLongVals[0];
// * 60 = mins
ddLatRemainder = ("0." + ddLatVals[1]) * 60;
dmsLatMinVals = ddLatRemainder.toString().split(".");
dmsLatMin.value = dmsLatMinVals[0];
ddLongRemainder = ("0." + ddLongVals[1]) * 60;
dmsLongMinVals = ddLongRemainder.toString().split(".");
dmsLongMin.value = dmsLongMinVals[0];
// * 60 again = secs
ddLatMinRemainder = ("0." + dmsLatMinVals[1]) * 60;
dmsLatSec.value = Math.round(ddLatMinRemainder);
ddLongMinRemainder = ("0." + dmsLongMinVals[1]) * 60;
dmsLongSec.value = Math.round(ddLongMinRemainder);
}
function dms2dd() {
// find decimal latitude
ddLatVal = dmsLatDeg.value*1 + dmsLatMin.value/60 + dmsLatSec.value/3600;
ddLatVal = dmsLatHem.options[dmsLatHem.selectedIndex].value + ddLatVal;
// find decimal longitude
ddLongVal = dmsLongDeg.value*1 + dmsLongMin.value/60 + dmsLongSec.value/3600;
ddLongVal = dmsLongHem.options[dmsLongHem.selectedIndex].value + ddLongVal;
/* removed at the request of Aaron Axvigs
// round down a bit
ddLatVal = round100000(ddLatVal);
ddLongVal = round100000(ddLongVal);*/
// write values
ddLat.value = ddLatVal;
ddLong.value = ddLongVal;
}
function round100000(v) {
return Math.round(v * 100000) / 100000;
}
</script>
<body onload="init()">
<h1>
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds to/from Decimal Degrees</h3>
The form below allows you to convert Latitude and Longitude information between decimal format and degree/minute/second (DMS) format. This is useful when finding distances. Here's the basic equation:
<br />
<pre> Decimal Degrees = Degrees + minutes/60 + seconds/3600
</pre>
<form id="conv">
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr valign="center">
<td style="background-color: silver; color: black;">
<!-- decimal degrees -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
<th align="left">Decimal</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lat</td>
<td><input id="dd_lat" size="20" type="text" value="38.898556" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Long</td>
<td><input id="dd_long" size="20" type="text" value="-77.037852" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<input onclick="dd2dms()" title="Convert Decimal to DMS" type="button" value=" >>> " /><br /><br />
<input onclick="dms2dd()" title="Convert DMS to Decimal" type="button" value=" <<< " />
</td>
<td style="background-color: silver; color: black;">
<!-- degrees:minutes:seconds -->
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
<th align="left">Deg</th>
<th align="left">Min</th>
<th align="left">Sec</th>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lat</td>
<td><input id="dms_lat_deg" size="3" type="text" /></td>
<td><input id="dms_lat_min" size="3" type="text" /></td>
<td><input id="dms_lat_sec" size="3" type="text" /></td>
<td>
<select id="dms_lat_hem">
<option value="">N</option>
<option value="-">S</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Long</td>
<td><input id="dms_long_deg" size="3" type="text" /></td>
<td><input id="dms_long_min" size="3" type="text" /></td>
<td><input id="dms_long_sec" size="3" type="text" /></td>
<td>
<select id="dms_long_hem">
<option value="">E</option>
<option value="-">W</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</form>
</body>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-26504620502833327602015-08-30T17:44:00.000+05:302015-08-30T17:44:14.951+05:30 LAPD protocol<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-top: 18.75pt;">
All messages sent on the A-bis interface use the LAPD
protocol that enables reliable transmission of information. LAPD provides two
kinds of transfer modes: Unacknowledged info transfer with no guarantee that
the information frame is successfully delivered to the addressee, and
acknowledged information transfer, where each signal is acknowledged, and the
system makes sure that the frame has reached the destination successfully. Only
measurement reports use unacknowledged information transfer.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-top: 18.75pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="CHAPTER4.1.2"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_C8"></a><b><u><span lang="EN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Frame Structure and Data
Links</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">A flag, 01111110 (h'7E), delimits a frame. The one flag
is enough between consecutive frames. The receiving entity looks for the flag
01111110 to synchronize on the start of a frame.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">TEI and SAPI are used to access the right entity and
right function at the receiving end. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>SAPI</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
is the address used to access different
functions, such as TRXC, CF and Layer 2 management procedures, within <i>one
physical</i> entity. The CF (Central Function) link is used in RBS 2000 for
common management functions for the TG, for example BTS software download.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXjbywQI6ZN1Kr43-HlOIpUce2RWlVpNO60Ss4GoaKYuYaUnjLorvHEFR-wOTti3sQs_tQM6-HnW1JnYhv6oyOUs6ZxD2x6KQkMkanueTRWc6MP_9SbYr3lVMX8hQcFFhKUOS2ERY81w4/s1600/lapd+pro.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXjbywQI6ZN1Kr43-HlOIpUce2RWlVpNO60Ss4GoaKYuYaUnjLorvHEFR-wOTti3sQs_tQM6-HnW1JnYhv6oyOUs6ZxD2x6KQkMkanueTRWc6MP_9SbYr3lVMX8hQcFFhKUOS2ERY81w4/s320/lapd+pro.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>TEI</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
is the address used to access <i>different
physical </i>entities such as an individual TRX for radio signaling. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">Two data link types are defined for each TEI. The data
link types and their corresponding SAPI are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>SAPI=0</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
is used for the Radio Signaling Link (RSL).
This link is used for supporting traffic management procedures mainly for
circuit switched traffic. Signalling on Packet Data Channels (PDCH) is not
carried by the RSL link. One link is required per TRX defined. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>SAPI=62</b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
is used for the Operations & Maintenance
Link (OML). This link is used for supporting network TRXC management
procedures. <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">The physical entities (TRX) that BSC communicates with at
the BTS, via data links, are referred to as Terminal Equipment. A TEI/SAPI
pair, unique within each physical connection identifies each data link. Each
physical connection can support a number of data links. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">Each TRX have one OML and one RSL signaling link.
Additionally there is a CF signalling link to the DX function in the RBS2000.
These links use the LAPD protocol:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span lang="EN">The CF link
is identified by the TEI value (configurable) and SAPI=62.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span lang="EN">The OML link
is identified by the TEI value for the TRX and SAPI=62.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span lang="EN">The RSL link
is identified by the TEI value for the TRX and SAPI=0.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"><span lang="EN">The TRX TEI
value is defined by the TRX position in the RBS cabinet.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">The LAPD concentrator receives messages from several TRXs
and sends these messages on one 64 kbit/s Abis time slot to BSC. The LAPD
concentrator also receives messages on this Abis time slot from the BSC and
distributes them to the TRXs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">Without LAPD Concentration and LAPD Multiplexing each 64
Kbits/s A-bis time slot can support signalling for only one TRX. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span lang="EN">With LAPD Concentration each 64 Kbits/s A-bis time slot
can support signalling for up to four TRXs. The allocation of bandwidth between
the different TRXs sharing a 64 kbit/s A-bis time slot is dynamic: the concentration
is implemented as separately addressed messages which are sent over the common
path. This means both transmission delays are minimized - LAPD Concentration is
superior to LAPD Multiplexing when it comes to delays and thoughput
performance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-8097171952921256472015-08-26T00:11:00.002+05:302015-08-26T00:11:58.499+05:30GSM PHASES <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
In the late 1980s, the groups
involved in developing the GSM standard realized that within the given
time-frame they could not complete the specifications for the entire range of
GSM services and features as originally planned. Because of this, it was
decided that GSM would be released in phases with phase 1 consisting of a
limited set of services and features. Each new phase builds on the services
offered by existing phases.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Phase 1<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Phase 1 contains the most common
services including:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Voice telephony<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->International roaming<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Basic fax/data services (up to 9.6
kbits/s)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Call forwarding<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Call barring<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Short Message Service (SMS)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Phase 1 also incorporated
features such as ciphering and Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards. Phase 1
specifications were then closed and cannot be modified.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Phase 2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Additional features were
introduced in GSM phase 2 including:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Advice of charge<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Calling line identification<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Call waiting<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Call hold<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Conference calling<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Closed user groups<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Additional data communications
capabilities<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Phase 2+<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The standardization groups have
already defined the next phase, 2+. This program covers multiple subscriber
numbers and a variety of business oriented features. Some of the enhancements offered
by Phase 2+ include:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Multiple service profiles<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Private numbering plans<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Access to Centrex services<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Interworking with GSM 1800, GSM 1900
and the Digital<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT) standard Priorities and time schedules for new
features and functions depend primarily on the interest shown by operating
companies and manufacturers and technical developments in related areas.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Phase 2++ </b>This
phase includes sophisticated enhancements to the radio interface including:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Enhanced Datarates for Global Evolution
(EDGE), a new modulation method which increases capacity on the air interface. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Customized Application for Mobile
Enhanced Logic (CAMEL), a standard, governing IN service access while roaming
internationally.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->High Speed Circuit Switched Data
(HSCSD), a method of delivering higher data rates per subscriber by allocating
an increased number of time-slots per call.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-81110666721188270212015-08-21T00:28:00.001+05:302015-08-21T00:28:40.082+05:30Types of Alarm <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">TGC FAULT</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> No active TGC application exists in the Transceiver
Group.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">PERMANENT FAULT</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> A managed object is classified as being permanently
faulty when fault situations have occurred, and have been cleared, a certain
number of times within a certain period of time. Manual intervention is
required to bring such equipment back into operation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">LOCAL MODE</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> The BTS equipment is in Local Mode or the BTS equipment
has changed from Local to Remote Mode and a fault exists in the communication
link between the BSC and the BTS. Communication between the BSC and the BTS is
not possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">LMT INTERVENTION</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Local maintenance activities are being performed in the
BTS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">LOOP TEST FAILED</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Test of the traffic carrying capabilities of the TS has
failed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">BTS INTERNAL</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> There is a fault internal to the BTS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">MAINS FAILURE</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> There is a fault in the power supply to the BTS or one
or more items of equipment within the BTS. Battery backup (where available) is
in use. Escalation may occur if corrective action is not taken.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">BTS EXTERNAL</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> There is a fault external to the BTS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">OML FAULT</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> There is a fault in the communications link between the
BSC and BTS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">ABIS PATH UNAVAIL</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> No transmission device exists between the BSC and BTS.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">CON QUEUE CONGESTION</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> At least one of the LAPD Concentrator concentration
outlet queues has reached an unacceptable filling level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">TS SYNC FAULT</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Synchronization lost on uplink or downlink TRA or PCU
channels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">FORLOPP RELEASE</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> A fault has occurred within the BSC software leading to
a Forlopp release. Automatic recovery procedures are taking place. Report to
your Ericsson Support Office. Alternatively, this alarm is issued as an
advisory following a command ordered Forlopp release of a TG. In either case,
the alarm is automatically ceased following successful recovery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;">OPERATOR CONDITION</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 10pt;"> A condition has arisen due to operator intervention.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-29141458156727517752015-08-19T00:28:00.001+05:302015-08-19T00:28:11.737+05:30How to calculate Peak Data Rate in LTE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin: 5.25pt 0in 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Peak Data rate of LTE is about 400Mbps?
</span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;">It’s in a simple way to calculate date rate in
LTE.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First: Assume That 20 MHz channel
bandwidth, normal CP, 64QAM and 4x4 MIMO technology are used.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Second: Calculate the number of
resource elements (RE) in a subframe with 20 MHz channel bandwidth:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12 subcarriers x 7 OFDMA symbols x
100 resource blocks x 2 slots= 16800 REs per subframe. Each RE can carry a
modulation symbol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Third: Assume 64 QAM modulation and no coding, one
modulation symbol will carry 6 bits. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The total bits in a subframe (1ms)
over 20 MHz channel is 16800 modulation symbols x 6 bits / modulation symbol =
100800 bits. So the data rate is 100800 bits / 1 ms = 100.8 Mbps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fourth: with 4x4 MIMO, the
Peak Data rate goes up to 100.8 Mbps x 4 = 403 Mbps.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-7186019829962032712015-08-17T00:09:00.001+05:302015-08-17T00:09:38.492+05:30EPG on Juniper<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc384242707"></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Based on the
Juniper M320 or M120 router, the EPG supports Physical Interface Cards (PICs)
of the following types:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK64"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK63"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EPG services PIC</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: All EPG application software entities run
on the EPG services PIC. These entities consist of Globe Session Controller
(GSC), SGW Session Controller (SSC) and PGW Session Controller (PSC) for
Control Plane, and Packet Processor (PP) and L2TP Packet Processor (TPP) for
User Plane. The EPG services PIC is PB-GGSN3 Services PIC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Network interface PIC: The network interface PIC provides 1GE or
10GE Ethernet connectivity for the EPG. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK66"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK65"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Standard services PIC</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: the standard services PIC runs
platform-generic services, such as encapsulation and decapsulation of user
payload into Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) or IPsec tunnels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For EPG on
Juniper, the following Network Interface PICs are supported:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2-Port Gigabit Ethernet PIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4-Port Gigabit Ethernet PIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">8-Port Gigabit Ethernet PIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">10-Port Gigabit Ethernet PIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1-Port 10Gigabit Ethernet PIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Note:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The 10-Port Gigabit Ethernet PIC
is only used by the EPG on M320 router.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Both M120
and M320 routers contain 4 and 8 Flexible PIC Concentrators (FPCs)
respectively, which are used for the PIU container installation. In addition,
two compact FPC (cFPC) slots are available on the M120 router for transport
purposes only. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A single FPC
or a cFPC slot in the EPG on M120 router has a maximum throughput of 10 Gbps
full duplex. A single FPC slot on the
M320 router has a maximum throughput of 16 Gbps or 20 Gbps full duplex. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-18469644111446761472015-08-17T00:06:00.001+05:302015-08-17T00:06:57.317+05:30EPG- Evolved Packet Gateway<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
<br /></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The EPG
combines the GGSN, SGW and PGW functions in one physical node. In addition, the
evolved platform adaptation layer supports the EPG application running on both
operating systems: Junos OS (the OS of Juniper M series routers) and IPOS (the
OS of Smart Services Router), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The EPG is
available on different hardware platforms:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Juniper (M320, M120)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Smart Services Router (SSR 8020)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="ListBullet2wide">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The EPG
based on Juniper hardware is simply called EPG on Juniper and the EPG based on
SSR hardware is respectively called EPG on SSR. In the EIN documents, these
terms are used to distinguish between these hardware platforms. If the hardware
platform does not matter, the EPG term covers all possible EPG configurations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The EPG on
SSR has an increased capacity, up to 10 times greater than the EPG on Juniper.
Therefore, the EPG on SSR has a big impact on the PS core network, and this
needs to be sustained in terms of capacity from the other PS network elements
and transmission systems. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The EPG on
SSR is not a product designed only for high capacity networks. Its scalable
configuration suits it perfectly for small and medium networks with potential
for further extensions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The EPG can
be ordered and deployed in the following <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK109"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK108">deployment modes </a>for
single and combined functions: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GGSN only functionality<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Combined GGSN and SGW and PGW<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-3222762025363617842015-08-16T23:56:00.001+05:302015-08-16T23:56:53.835+05:30RAN OSS - Technical Certification <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 24pt 0in 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<b>Ericsson - RAN OSS Radio Access Networks - Technical Certification
overview</b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>RAN OSS</b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Knowledge objective, the candidate should be able to identify and
describe:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
The role of OSS in Ericsson Business Support System, the products,
functionalities and features: OSS-RC, ENIQ Event, ENIQ Statistics, SON, ENM,
etc. Main advantages/values as well as impact on RAN performance and OPEX
reduction.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
Importance of OSS<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
Ericsson Network Manager<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
Total Network Performance<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
The Importance of OSS in Self Organizing Networks<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
Key SON Features for the Mobile Domain<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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SON Overview<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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SON detailed functionality<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
SON based GSM Spectrum Management<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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OSS Architecture Overview<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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OSS in Modern Networks <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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OSS-RC Overview (WBL)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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OSS-RC Applications Overview -<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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OSS-RC Features and Roadmap (Video)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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OSS-RC Functionality for LTE (Centra) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6618034581227330263.post-69805380602763258592015-08-16T23:49:00.003+05:302021-05-19T09:55:19.793+05:30Ericsson RAN Radio Access Networks - Associate Technical Certification <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: 65.2pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; text-indent: 0in;">RAN Fundamentals</span></h2>
<div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Knowledge objective, within this
radio technical competence area the candidate should be able to identify and describe
the followings: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- The general
RAN architecture: </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nodes, UE categories, RAN standards, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- Radio
design principles: </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dimensioning, link budget
for radio coverage, multipath propagation, path loss predictions, propagation
models and tuning, traffic models, etc</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 139.5pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- Air interface principles: </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Radio channel concept, modulations,
spectral efficiency, FDD / TDD, transmission and reception, multiplex access
technique principles, mobile technology differences, frequency, voice coding,
basic antenna system, dB, dBm, dBi, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">- Signaling, protocols and layers: Radio messages, layers, interaction,
basic protocols, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- Radio
network basic functionalities: </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">mobility, idle mode, call set-up, radio
resource mgmt, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- RAN
performance: </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Accessibility,
retain ability, integrity, latency and throughput, counter & KPI’s, energy
consumption reduction, impact of quality of service, etc. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">- RAN lifecycle stages (design,
optimization, integration and installation, etc)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 2in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 279.75pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">Access
Networks an Overview </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Networking
Basics, an Overview <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Ethernet
Standards <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Fundamentals <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Radio Interface<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
KPIs and Acceptance <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Network Design Overview <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Protocols and Procedures <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Air interface <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><b>LTE RAN </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Knowledge objective, the candidate should be
able to identify and describe:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The fundamental technology and
characteristics of LTE RAN, the products & solutions, functionalities and
features. Channel structure, bearer concept, network architecture and
interfaces, radio planning principles (capacity, limitations, connected users),
radio units and their functionality, SW features such as: LTE advanced, voice
in LTE, IRAT mobility, QoS handling, etc. LTE introduction in legacy networks
FDD vs. TDD. Main advantages/values, as well as impacts on RAN performance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Fundamentals <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE/SAE
in a Nutshell<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
/SAE System Overview<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE/EPC
Overview <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Features and Functionality <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Air Interface <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Product Strategy <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Ericsson´s
LTE Performance Advantage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Coverage
and Capacity in LTE <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Shared Network Solutions incl Transport options <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Multi-Layer Antenna Solutions & Capacity <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
RAN Voice Evolution<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> LTE
Load and Capacity Evolution<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: none; tab-stops: 65.2pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="SV" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">WCDMA RAN<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Knowledge objective, the candidate should be
able to identify and describe:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The fundamental technology and
characteristics of WCDMA RAN, the products & solution, functionalities and
features. Channel structure, bearer principles, network architecture and
interfaces, planning principles (capacity, limitations, interference reduction,
robustness, spectrum load), radio units and their functionality, SW features such
as: HSPA/MBB functionality, QoS, Smartphone related functionality, and mobility, etc. Main advantages/values, as
well as impacts on RAN performance.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="SV" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">WCDMA
Release Overviews <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mobile
Broadband - Enhanced Uplink Evolution <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="SV" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Secure
Smartphone Business <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">HSPA
Smartphone Capacity Evolution </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">High
Capacity WCDMA - Flow of users<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ensuring
high performance in high loaded HSPA NW </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Introduction
to Service Differentiation and end-to-end QoS <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; tab-stops: 62.35pt 127.6pt 192.8pt 260.8pt 323.2pt 388.4pt 6.3in 510.3pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Uplink
Features (</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="SV" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="SV" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>GSM RAN</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Knowledge objective, the candidate should be
able to identify and describe:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The fundamental technology and
characteristics of GSM RAN, the products & solutions, functionalities and
features. Channel structure, network architecture and interfaces, planning
principles (capacity, limitations, interference reduction, robustness, spectrum
load), signal measurements, radio units and their functionality, SW features
such as: packet data support, EDGE, VAMOS, HD Voice, etc. Main advantages/values,
as well as impacts on RAN performance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM State of the Business <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thin Layer GSM <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM RAN Key Business Areas – Introduction <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM KBA – Drive Cost Efficiency <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM KBA – Increase Coverage and Capacity <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM KBA – Increase smart device Business, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM Radio Access Network Overview <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM / WCDMA Basics <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM System Survey <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Monetize on Voice Efficiency: VAMOS <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM RAN SW Licensing <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">GSM RAN BSC HW Activation Codes <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">SON Based GSM Spectrum Management <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Energy Efficiency Features in GSM RAN <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">RAN Modernization <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.0pt; margin: 4pt 0in 0in;">
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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