Posts

Sparse Code Multiple Access - SCMA

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Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is another waveform configuration of the flexible new air interface. This non-orthogonal waveform facilitates a new multiple access scheme in which sparse codewords of multiple layers of devices are overlaid in code and power domains and carried over shared time-frequency resources. Typically, the multiplexing of multiple devices may become overloaded if the number of overlaid layers is more than the length of the multiplexed codewords. However, with SCMA, overloading is tolerable with moderate complexity of detection thanks to the reduced size of the SCMA multi-dimensional constellation and the sparseness of SCMA codewords. In SCMA, coded bits are directly mapped to multi-dimensional sparse codewords selected from layer-specific SCMA codebooks. The complexity of detection is controlled through two major factors. One is the sparseness level of codewords, and the second is the use of multidimensional constellations with a low number of projecti...

5G Spectrum

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The growing traffic demand necessitates increasing the amount of spectrum that may be utilised by the 5G systems. High frequency bands in the centimeter wave (cmWave) and millimeter wave (mmWave) range will be adopted due to their potential for supporting wider channel bandwidths and the consequent capability to deliver high data rates. The new spectrum below 6GHz is expected to be allocated for mobile communication at the World Radio Conference (WRC) 2015, and the band above 6GHz expected to be allocated at WRC 2019, as shown in Figure. 5G network is a heterogeneous network which enables the cooperation between lower-frequency wide-area coverage network and high-frequency network. The consensus is higher frequency bands are the complementary bands to 5G whereas low frequency bands (<6GHz) are still the primary bands of 5G spectrum. High frequency also enables unified access and backhaul since the same radio resources is shared. It is expected to ...

Wavelength in GSM

There are many different types of electromagnetic waves. These electromagnetic waves can be described by a sinusoidal function, which is characterized by wavelength. Wavelength (l) is the length of one complete oscillation and is measured in meters (m). Frequency and wavelength are related via the speed of propagation, which for radio waves is the speed of light (3 x10^8 m/s or meters per second). The wavelength of a frequency can be determined by using the following formula: Wavelength = Speed / Frequency Thus, for GSM 900 the wavelength is: Wavelength = 3×10^8 m/s / 900 MHz            Wavelength = 300,000,000 m/s  / 900,000,000 Wavelength = 0.33 m (or 33 cm) From this formula it can be determined that the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength. Lower frequencies, with longer wavelengths, are better suited to transmission over large distances, because they bounce on the surface of the e...

Nokia BSC with MML commands:

ZAHP PRINT ALARM HISTORY ZAHO PRINT ALARMS CURRENTLY ON ZIGO DISPLAY MML COMMAND LOG ZWQO SHOW SOFTWARE PACKAGE INFORMATION ZW7I INTERROGATE LICENCE OR FEATURE INFORMATION ZEFR RESET SITE/BCF ZEQS LOCK UNLOCK BTS ZERS LOCK UNLOCK TRX ZEQM MODIFY BTS PARAMETERS ZEAO OUTPUT GSM ADJACENT ZEUO OUTPUT POWER CONTROL PARAMETERS ZEHO OUTPUT HANDOVER PARAMETERS

LTE fundamentals

The fundamentals of the LTE Radio interface and get an overview of the evolution of 4G telecommunication. This 19 minutes video is presented by Ericsson expert Sven-Anders Sturesson. The tutorial gives an overview of the fundamental technology of Long Term Evolution (LTE). You will learn the basics of the LTE radio interface, including multiple input, multiple outputs (MIMO), OFDM, uplink and downlink, SIMO, TDD, FDD, channel coding and GSA.   http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/ericsson-academy/online-tutorials/lte_fundamentals_module/player.html Source: Ericsson

What is Citrix ?

Citrix facilitates real-time access to shared applications over networks and the Internet. Remote access to Citrix-enabled applications can be over DSL, T1, ISDN, or dial-up. Citrix MetaFrame enables multiple users to run shared applications simultaneously. Communication between Citrix clients and servers consists of exchange of user inputs (keyboard/mouse) and screen shots. Citrix MetaFrame runs on Windows NT 4.0 (Terminal Server Edition) and Windows 2000, with Terminal Services installed. Citrix products include: Citrix Access Essentials Citrix Access Gateway Citrix Access Suite Citrix Application Gateway Citrix GoToAssist Citrix GoToMeeting Citrix GoToMyPC Citrix NetScaler Citrix Password Manager Citrix Presentation Server For technical support and questions regarding Citrix MetaFrame, go to http://support.citrix.com

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, MBMS

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Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, MBMS A new service introduced in 3GPP Release 6 specifications is Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS). There are two high level modes of operation in MBMS, as given   1.        Broadcast mode, which allows sending audio and video. The already existing Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) is intended for messaging only. The broadcast mode is expected to be a service without charging and there are no specific activation requirements for this mode. 2.          Multicast mode allows sending multimedia data for the end users that are part of a multicast subscription group. End users need to monitor service announcements regarding service availability, and then they can join the currently active service. From the network point of view, the same content can be provided in a point-to-point fashion if there are not enough users to justify the high power transmission. A ...