TelecomStudy18

With the removal of the RNC from the access network architecture, inter-eNB handover is negotiated and managed directly between eNBs using the X2-C interface. In LTE implementations that need to support macro diversity, the X2-U interface will carry handover traffic PDUs (Protocol Data Units) between eNBs. X2-C (control plane) signalling is carried by the X2AP (X2 Application Protocol), which travels over an SCTP association established between neighboring eNBs. X2AP performs duties similar to those performed by RNSAP (Radio Network Subsystem Application Protocol), which operates between neighboring RNCs over the Iur interface in UMTS R99 networks. X2-U (user plane) traffic is carried by the existing GTP-U (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol – User plane), as employed in UMTS R99 networks. The facilities provided by the X2-U interface are only expected to be required if macro-diversity handover is supported.  Both sub-types of the X2 interface travel over IP: SCTP/IP for the X2-C and UDP/I

The fundamentals of the LTE Radio interface and get an overview of the evolution of 4G telecommunication. This 19 minutes video is presented by Ericsson expert Sven-Anders Sturesson. The tutorial gives an overview of the fundamental technology of Long Term Evolution (LTE). You will learn the basics of the LTE radio interface, including multiple input, multiple outputs (MIMO), OFDM, uplink and downlink, SIMO, TDD, FDD, channel coding and GSA.   http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/ericsson-academy/online-tutorials/lte_fundamentals_module/player.html Source: Ericsson

The Peak Data rate of LTE is about 400Mbps?     It’s in a simple way to calculate date rate in LTE. First: Assume That 20 MHz channel bandwidth, normal CP, 64QAM  and  4x4 MIMO technology are used. Second: Calculate the number of resource elements (RE) in a subframe with 20 MHz channel bandwidth: 12 subcarriers x 7 OFDMA symbols x 100 resource blocks x 2 slots= 16800 REs per subframe. Each RE can carry a modulation symbol. Third:  Assume 64 QAM modulation and no coding, one modulation symbol will carry 6 bits. The total bits in a subframe (1ms) over 20 MHz channel is 16800 modulation symbols x 6 bits / modulation symbol = 100800 bits. So the data rate is 100800 bits / 1 ms = 100.8 Mbps. Fourth:  with 4x4 MIMO, the Peak Data rate goes up to 100.8 Mbps x 4 = 403 Mbps.

The features Remote OMT (Operation and Maintenance Terminal) and Remote OMT over IP are updated to support the new RBS 6000 DUG-20/RUS-01 configurations. In MCPA backwards compatible mode, having a BTS G11A or newer in a BSS 07B-G10B network, the configuration of an MCPA is made using OMT. Configuration in MCPA single mode (BTS G11B with BSS G10B or newer) is made from the BSC, refer to Section 5.7 on page 43. All TRXs in a DUG are connected to one or several RUSs. It is the connections between RUSs and antennas that will decide which MCPAs to use for which antenna sectors (cells). Each antenna sector is configured in the OMT with the default configuration of 3*20W (3*43.0 dBm) per MCPA. If desired it is possible to choose a different number of TRXs per MCPA, and it is possible to choose some configurations where the total MCPA mean power will end up on less than 60 W (47.8 dBm). Also the levels 40W (46.0 dBm) and 20W (43.0 dBm) are available. The chosen number of TRXs

Automatic FLP will enable operators to run Frequency Load Planning (FLP) networks, including Synchronized Radio Networks, with minimum effort and maximum performance. The feature performs daily downlink interference matrix measurements and creates synchronization clusters for synchronization status monitoring. FLP parameters are continuously supervised and automatically adjusted to network changes when needed due to for instance lost synchronization, addition of TRX HW, or changes in hopping frequency sets. The parameters that are put under direct BSC control by Automatic FLP activation are, HSN, FNOFFSET, MAIOs, TSC and FSOFFSET. By using Automatic FLP an operator will get the following benefits: ·           Maximum capacity gain from FLP (best parameter configuration always used. Parameter settings can be kept continuously optimized) ·          Maximizes performance in all types of FLP networks (for example lower drop call rate, better speech quality) ·          Reduced O

  Broadcasts LTE system information in the GSM network to enable idle and packet transfer  mode cell reselection from GSM to LTE networks. Each GSM cell broadcasts information about: • Neighboring cells (WCDMA and LTE) • Thresholds for IRAT • Priority between GSM, WCDMA and LTE cells The information is broadcasted in the GSM network via the system information message SI2quater. The main purpose with priority based cell reselection is to allow reselection to LTE, but at the same time it also introduces cell reselection based on priority towards WCDMA. This is an alternative to the existing non priority based cell reselection to WCDMA. When cell reselection to LTE is used, cell reselection to WCDMA will be priority based as well. In MSs not supporting priority based cell reselection, the non-priority based cell reselection to WCDMA is used if the feature "GSM-UMTS Cell Reselection and Handover" is activated. Commands and Printouts • RLSRI: Radio Contro

Common Channel Configuration Uplink resource blocks are required to be allocated for uplink control signaling (PUCCH). The number of RBs will be dependent on bandwidth and loading. Downlink resources are also allocated for downlink control signaling on the PDCCH channel. This is specified as the number of OFDM symbols (Control Format Indicator). PDCCH and PUCCH allocations will have an impact on peak data throughputs and system capacity. The PDCCH power boost feature makes it possible to adjust the power of the PDCCH to match the actual number of needed Control Channel Element (CCE) resources. Use cases include beam forming coverage extension, range extensions for small cells and general increase of the PDCCH capacity, which is useful for e.g. VoLTE applications. The maximum power increase is 6 dB. The feature can be used in conjunction with the Enhanced PDCCH Link Adaptation feature which can provide significantly increased PDCCH capacity, as the RBS better determines

The Adjustable Cell Reference Symbol (CRS) Power feature (FAJ 121 3049) was introduced in L14A. This feature enables flexible setting of the CRS power (Pa) and also enables flexible setting of the type-B resource element power (PDSCH). The feature improved flexibility for tuning and optimization of downlink resource element power allocation and can lead to improved DL throughput, such as in high dense networks. The feature controls two factors: • CRS Power Boost setting (Pa) in the range +3dB to -3dB, previously this value had been fixed by system constant to +3dB. • Type-B resource element boosting (Pb/Pa) in the range {5/4, 1, 3/4, 1/2}, previously this value had been fixed by a system constant to 1.

The X2AP protocol is used to handle the UE mobility within E-UTRAN and provides the following functions: ·          Mobility Management ·          Load Management ·          Reporting of General Error Situations ·          Resetting the X2 ·          Setting up the X2 ·          eNB Configuration Update Protocol specification 3GPP TS  36.423  - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); X2 Application Protocol (X2AP)

  The main functions of X2 interface layer 1 are as following: ·          Interface to physical medium; ·          Frame delineation; ·          Line clock extraction capability; ·          Layer 1 alarms extraction and generation; ·          Transmission quality control. Protocol specification 3GPP TS  36.421  - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); X2 layer 1

S1 signalling bearer provides the following functions: ·          Provision of reliable transfer of S1-AP message over S1-MME interface. ·          Provision of networking and routeing function ·          Provision of redundancy in the signalling network ·          Support for flow control and congestion control L2 - Data link layer Support of any suitable data link layer protocol, e.g. PPP, Ethernet IP layer ·          The eNB and MME support IPv6 and/or IPv4 ·          The IP layer of S1-MME only supports point-to-point transmission for delivering S1-AP message. ·          The eNB and MME support the Diffserv Code Point marking Transport layer SCTP is supported as the transport layer of S1-MME signalling bearer. ·          SCTP refers to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol developed by the Sigtran working group of the IETF for the purpose of transporting various signalling protocols over IP network. ·          There is only one SCTP association esta

the main functions of S1 interface layer 1 are as following: ·          Interface to physical medium; ·          Frame delineation; ·          Line clock extraction capability; ·          Layer 1 alarms extraction and generation; ·          Transmission quality control. Protocol specification 3GPP TS  36.411  - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); S1 layer 1

Network Optimization process involves the following activities: FIRST SET THE CRITERION ( GOAL) OF OPTIMIZATION PROCESS BASELINE & TARGET KPI’s. DELIVERABLES CONDUCTING A BASELINE PHYSICAL AUDIT REMOVING ALL SERVICE AFFECTING ALARMS IDENTIFYING POOR COVERAGE AREAS IDENTIFYING CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS & OVERUTILIZED CELLS VARIOUS KPIs with Root-Cause-Analysis of problems. Frequency Plan (BCCH & TCH) Neighbor plan CONDUCTING A GSM SYSTEM PARAMETERS AUDIT Deliverables of an Optimization activity: Baseline Drive test comparison with post implementation results. Statistical comparison of baseline & improved network. Parameter Audit report. Physical parameter inconsistencies. Frequency & neighbor plan inconsistencies Recommendations for Coverage Capacity Physical Optimization Location Area Optimization.

1. What is LTE? 2. What's the difference between 2G, 3G & LTE? 3. What's the benefit of LTE? 4. What's technology applied in LTE? (Both in UL   and DL) . 5. What is LTE Architecture? 6. What is the EUTRAN? 7. What is LTE Network Interface? 8. What is LTE Network Element? 9. What's the maximum Throughput we can achieve from LTE? 10. In the market, which type/category of UE is   available now? 11. Do you have any experience in   LTE dimensioning/planning and Drive-testing? 12. What is main frequency band for LTE? 13. In coverage planning, what are the most influence factors? 14. In 3G, RSCP and Ec/Io   are used to determine in coverage planning. How's abou t in LTE? And why? 15. What are the range of   SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, MCS and CQI values? 16. What is the typical cell range of   LTE? 17. How do you understand RB and   how does RB impact on Throughput? 18. What is the typical value of   latency? 19. Do we still need Scraming cod

LTE refers to the advanced version of LTE that is being developed by 3GPP to meet or exceed the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for a true fourth generation radio-communication standard known as IMT-Advanced. 4G LTE, whose project name is LTE-Advanced, is being specified initially in Release 10 of the 3GPP standard, with a functional freeze targeted for March 2011. Following is the Key Features for LTE Advanced: §   Peak data rates: Downlink – 1 Gbps and  Uplink – 500 Mbps. §   Spectrum efficiency: 3 times greater than LTE. §   Peak spectrum efficiency: Downlink – 30 bps/Hz; Uplink – 15 bps/Hz. §   Spectrum use: the ability to support scalable bandwidth use and spectrum aggregation where non-contiguous spectrum needs to be used. §   Latency: from Idle to Connected in less than 50 ms and then shorter than 5 ms one way for individual packet transmission. §   Cell edge user throughput to be twice that of LTE. §   Average user throughput to

Liquid Radio Liquid Radio - Making radio networks active, adaptive and aware Liquid Radio architecture shares resources such as antenna information across a broad area of the network, as well as balances traffic evenly over different bandwidths. It allows radio coverage and capacity to flow to wherever users need it most. Liquid Radio also enables operators to seamlessly integrate 3GPP radio access with Wi-Fi to use unlicensed spectrum.  Liquid Radio improves network efficiency by boosting capacity, balancing loads, enhancing QoS, raising uplink capacity for smartphones, and identifying and avoiding smartphone signaling. It also adds small cell capacity and unifies heterogeneous networks, as well as implementing award-winning self-organizing network (SON) functions to simplify network operations. High energy efficiency is achieved by low power consumption, integration of Rf to the antenna, minimized Rf losses and by an adaptive and cognitive radio network that can pr

An active antenna is an antenna that contains active electronic components. remote radio head (RRH) or antenna-integrated radio designs place the Rf module next to the passive antenna to reduce cable losses Active Antenna system is developed by Nokia Siemens Network (NSN) to reduce network cost and increase network efficiency. It’s a smart antenna and beam is driven by software. Active Antenna does not need to be merely passive elements. With intelligent integration, active antenna technology transforms traditional antenna to contribute to base station efficiency. This enables operators to significantly increase the capacity and coverage targets set for their network. Active Antennas are highly flexible and can meet the needs of many scenarios. They also support rising feature complexity including higher-order MIMO and receiver diversity, while retaining a simple and compact form factor. §   Carrier-specific tilting §   System-specific tilting §   Multi-operator netw