Active Queue Management (AQM):




Active Queue Management (AQM) is a queue management feature for the downlink. For applications using TCP/IP as transmission (e.g. FTP, web browsing, email), it is important with a rapid feedback of the radio link data rate to the TCP/IP protocol. Feedback of the radio link data rate is reported to TCP/IP by discarding IP-packets. In this way the TCP/IP protocol will faster adjust its send rate according to the radio link capacity and TCP slow-starts are avoided. If the feature “QoS and Scheduling” in BSC is active (R97 QoS and/or R99 QoS), the queue management feature is applied to Interactive class and Background class data. The queue management feature is not applied to signalling messages, SMS, LLC acknowledged mode data, EIT data or Streaming class data when QoS is active. For SMS, signalling messages, LLC acknowledged mode data, EIT data and Streaming class data a maximum buffer is set and when the buffer is overflowed packets are discarded starting from front of the buffer.

If the feature “QoS and Scheduling” in BSC is passive, the queue management feature is applied to all payload data but not to signalling messages, SMS or LLC acknowledged mode data. For LLC acknowledged mode data and data not handled by AQM a maximum buffer is set and when the buffer is overflowed packets are discarded starting from front of the buffer.

Radio Network Optimization (RNO) Troubleshooting Tools


TEMS Investigation TEMS Investigation is a drive test tool within the TEMS product family. It consists of a TEMS mobile station, a PC with the TEMS Investigation software and a GPS receiver. The uplink and downlink information on the air-interface is monitored and recorded together with the positioning data from the GPS. TEMS Investigation, here referred to as TEMS, is a very powerful tool for field measurements during troubleshooting in specific areas of the network.

MTR Mobile Traffic Recording (MTR) records the events and measurements on both the uplink and downlink connected to a certain subscription, which can be useful when a subscriber complains and the cause is to be investigated. MTR is also very useful together with TEMS. From TEMS geographical information can be retrieved but not from MTR.

CER Channel Event Recording (CER) measures interference on the frequencies defined in the cell and is used when the performance of the channel allocation strategy is investigated. Idle Channel Measurement (ICM) or Differential Channel Allocation (DCA) is required for this recording,

CTR Cell Traffic Recording (CTR) collects data about connections in specific cells. Certain events can be used as triggers and all communication on up- and downlink is recorded. CTR could be used if there are specific problems found in any cell, such as an abnormal number of Traffic Channel (TCH) drops.

GMLOG The GPRS/EGPRS Mobile Logging (GMLOG) function logs protocol information in the RLC/MAC and the BSSGP protocols for one whole cell or four individual mobiles. All relevant information is logged together with related internal events. The Mobile Logging function is
a valuable function for GPRS/EGPRS verification and detailed troubleshooting purposes. The function can be used by the operator staff to verify network functions and characteristics. The function gives the possibility to correlate A-bis and Gb-data. It displays BSC internal events, which is not possible with external protocol analyzers. The logging capability is high, due to the fact that the logged data is directly transferred from the RPP to the logging client via Ethernet.

Read Also:

Measurement Tools for Radio Network Optimization (RNO)

Measurement Tools for Radio Network Optimization (RNO)

STS: Statistics and Traffic Measurement Subsystem (STS) is implemented in the BSC (and MSC). It gives statistics about events in different parts of the system such as cells and equipment. By continuously supervising the results from STS the operator can obtain a very good overview of the radio network performance which can help to detect problems early. For further information,

MRR Measurement Result Recording (MRR) collects information from the measurement results sent by the BTSs to the BSC. Information such as RXLEV, RXQUAL etc. is included. The tool is for instance used for routine supervision or for checking specific cells. MRR is a part of the Radio Network Optimization (RNO) package in OSS

TEMS Automatic Tems Automatic is a tool within the TEMS product portfolio, where several special mobile stations are placed in for instance taxis and buses. The set of mobiles are supervised centrally and the measurements are sent directly to this center. TEMS automatic provides the operator with information about subscriber perceived quality from many parts of the network.

R-PMO The real-time performance monitor provides real-time statistics in order to receive instant feedback of performance from sudden changes of the network, either by the network itself (e.g. hardware faults) or by operator initiated changes (i.e. parameter, feature or frequency changes). For operator initiated changes, faster tuning can be achieved. R-PMO also provides a high degree of detailed information, such as timestamps on events, and flexibility, such as user defined reports.

NOX Neighbouring Cell List Optimization Expert (NOX) is a tool meant as a support for the operator for optimization of the neighbouring cell relations. This is done by collecting and handling data from measurement reports, handover statistics and general network configurations. The outcome is suggestions to remove superfluous or add new neighbouring cell relations. The user can set whether the changes should be implemented automatically or require an approval by the user.

FOX Frequency Optimization Expert (FOX) measures for possible interferers in order to find suitable frequencies to define in cells. FOX supplies the operator with suggestions about frequencies at e.g. network/hardware expansions or frequency reallocations.

SYROX Synchronized Radio Network Optimization Expert (SYROX) is a tool intended to support the operator with planning of parameters that control the frequency hopping for a group of Synchronized Cells in order to minimize the interference in the network. Apart from the fact that a group of mutually synchronized cells is required, SYROX also requires that the optional BSS features FAS (FOX recording mode), and Flexible MAIO Management are available.


Read Also Topics:  Radio Network Optimization (RNO) Troubleshooting Tools

Tight BCCH Frequency Reuse


It means use Fewer BCCH frequencies in the network. Thus more frequencies can be used in other channel groups in order to increase the Network traffic capacity,

The capability of this feature is to make it possible to use fewer BCCH frequencies. This is achieved by applying separate pathloss and DTCB criteria to the BCCH CHGR. That makes it possible to use a tighter reuse than without the feature, or to enhance the speech quality and keeping the existing reuse.
Tighter BCCH frequency reuse is possible regardless of if subcells are used or not.

Statics Counters are used in Tight BCCH Frequency Reuse:
BCDTCBCOM is stepped by intra-cell handover attempt out of BCCH CHGR, BCCHDTCB criteria.
BCLOSSCOM is stepped by intra-cell handover attempt out of BCCH CHGR, BCCHLOSS critera.
BCDTCBSUC is stepped by successful intra-cell handover out of BCCH CHGR, BCCHDTCB criteria.
BCLOSSSUC is stepped by successful intra-cell handover out of BCCH CHGR, BCCHLOSS criteria.

In a tight BCCH re-use plan, careful planning is required in order to avoid BCCH confusion during handover, which can have a negative impact in the performance, particularly for fast moving MS (e.g. in highways); in this case, the mobile initially decode the correct BSIC of the neighbor cell and will continue measuring that frequency but won’t decode the BSIC information for every measurement report  the MS shall attempt to demodulate the SCH on the BCCH carrier of as many surrounding cells as possible, and decode the BSIC as often as possible, minimum at least once every 10 seconds, to confirm that it is monitoring the same cell), if both co-BCCH cells are closely located, after
a few seconds a fast moving mobile could be measuring a different cell (the co-channel BCCH) but will report it incorrectly with the old BSIC (the BSIC originally decoded from the neighbor cell) to the system. Since sometimes it’s impossible to avoid close co-BCCH cells in a tight re-use plan, then in order to minimize the effect of BSIC confusion, the closest co-channel BCCHs should be allocated away from highways, preferably towards areas with low mobility MS (e.g. residential areas).

Main Controlling Parameters

BCCHREUSE is a parameter activating/de-activating the feature Tight BCCH Frequency Reuse, set per cell.

BCCHLOSS is a parameter indicating maximum allowed path loss of the BCCH carrier, set per cell.

BCCHDTCB is a parameter expressing the limit of the calculated difference in signal strength between the BCCH of the serving cell and the strongest non-cosited neighbor cell within the same frequency band, set per cell.

BCCHLOSSHYST is a parameter for the hysteresis of the BCCHLOSS parameter, set per cell.

BCCHDTCBHYST is a parameter for the hysteresis of the parameter BCCHDTCB, set per cell.

Value Ranges and Default Values


Parameter name
Default value
Recommended value

Value range

Unit
BCCHREUSE
0 (NORMAL)

0,1 (0=NORM AL, 1=TIGHT)

BCCHLOSS
200

0 to 200
dB
BCCHDTCB
-63

-63 to +63
dB
BCCHLOSSHYST
3

3 0 to 63
dB
BCCHDTCBHYST
2

3 0 to 63
dB

Ericsson Appoints Rima Qureshi Chief Strategy Officer


30th Apr 2014

Ericsson has appointed Rima Qureshi as  new Chief Strategy Officer where she will also drive the company's mergers and acquisitions (M A) strategy and activities. In addition she will serve as Chairman of Business Unit Modems.
Rima Qureshi previously led the integration of the CDMA and LTE assets of the former Nortel Networks and ran the business unit CDMA Mobile Systems during 2010-2012.
She has been Senior Vice President and part of Ericsson's Executive Leadership Team since 2010.
Rima Qureshi said: "The industry is going through a rapid transformation and I could not think of a more exciting time period to lead Ericsson's Group strategy development. At the same time I am also looking forward to working closely with the team at Business Unit Modems to ensure we are successful based on the industry's most advanced LTE thin modem."

Rima Qureshi joined Ericsson in 1993, and prior to running Business Unit CDMA Mobile Systems, her career spanned leadership roles in R&D, sales, and Services, including managing Global Service Delivery Centers in Canada, the US, Mexico and Brazil.


Qureshi holds a Bachelor's degree in Information Systems and an MBA, both from McGill University in Montréal, Canada.

Nokia's Former CEO Paid More Than Expected for Microsoft Deal

1st-May2014

Nokia's former CEO and now head of Microsoft's mobile phone division Stephen Elop received a larger than expected pay off from the deal to sell the phones division.

He earned nearly a third more than the already locally controversial payout and took USD33.5 million from the deal.

Although payouts of that size are not unusual in corporate deals of this size in the USA, it raised protests in Finland where he Elop was seen as profiting from the demise of a local icon.

The main reason for the higher than expected payout was due to the rise in the value of Nokia shares following the announcement of the sale, recovering a little of the slump they experienced under Elop's leadership.


Nokia said that 70% of the pay-off was funded by Microsoft.

UMTS To LTE Reselection

LTE 2 reselection mechanisms are used in UMTS

Legacy Based:
This is ranking based system and it applies to intra-frequency, inter-frequency as well as for GSM reselection.

Priority Based:
This mechanism applies for cell reselection from WCDMA to LTE 
Priority based method results into 2 different scenarios:

High Priority UMTS to Low Priority LTE 
Low Priority UMTS to High Priority LTE 

Both legacy based and priority based cell reselection can be active at the same time.

Reselection from Low Priority UMTS to High Priority LTE
If LTE frequency is of higher priority than the current frequency, measurements are always performed.

Measurement Condition:
The UE searches every layer of higher priority at every Thigher_priority_search = (60*Nlayers) seconds.
Nlayers is the total number of configured higher priority E-UTRA frequencies

Reselection Condition:
Cell reselection occurs if UE finds a cell with an Srxlev value greater than ThreshHigh. 

Srxlev (target) > ThreshHigh


Reselection from High Priority UMTS to Low Priority LTE

Measurement Condition:

The UE only starts measurement for candidate LTE when following threshold is met.
Srxlev (serving) < SPrioritySearch1
Squal (serving) < SPrioritySearch2

Reselection Condition:
If Srx value of the serving cell falls below the threshServingLow value, UE attempts to reselect a cell on LTE. Cell reselection occurs if UE finds a cell with an Srxlev value greater than threshLow value for that frequency.

Srxlev (source) < ThreshServing

Low Srxlev (target) > ThreshLow