Frequency Reuse Patterns in GSM
Proper frequency planning is
essential in the development of a quality cellular system. Due to the limited
amount of available RF spectrum, the scarcity of channels available to each
operator, and the fact that most available frequencies are non-contiguous for
most operators, frequencies must be reused throughout the system to increase
network capacity. The frequencies are assigned such that there is minimal
cochannel and adjacent channel interference between sites. Frequency reuse is
based on hexagonal cell groupings called clusters. The size of the cluster will
determine how the cluster is repeated throughout the network, i.e. the reuse
pattern. The frequency reuse patterns are designated as N/F. Where N is the
number of cell sites in a cluster and F is the number of frequency groups
within a cluster. Ericsson uses 7/21 and 4/12 reuse patterns. The cluster
patterns
In a 7/21 plan, there are 7 cell sites (A, B, .
. . , G) and 21 frequency groups (A1, A2, A3, . . . , G1, G2, G3). Because A1
and G3 are adjacent frequency groups, G2 and G3 are switched in the pattern so
as to prevent interference. In a 4/12 pattern, there are 4 cell sites and 12
frequency groups. The frequency groups for these patterns are described in this
document. There is no frequency reuse within a cluster. The voice channel group
is used to assign a frequency group to a cell.
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